Paying for Convenience

I’m a big fan of open source software. It’s free, it generally has the features I need/want, and it usually doesn’t have the “bloat” associated with commercial software. Not to say that commercial software doesn’t have a place in our daily lives – I am forced to use Microsoft Office, Adobe products, and Microsoft Windows at work – because most people are familiar with commercial software. And from a business standpoint, if an open source application crashes your systems and causes you to lose money, who’s responsible? Whereas there’s always going to be a support person at a commercial place (albeit they might not have the easiest accent to understand, they’re generally helpful for varying needs).

That being said, I find it hard to believe that companies will take great ideas, or several different free software solutions, and tie them up neatly into one package. And then have the audacity to charge several hundred dollars.

PSEXEC tools suite, which was recently bought out by Microsoft itself, is a collection of tools that help in the administration of computers on a network. They’re offered up for free. The ones I use the most are psexec, pslist, and pskill. Psexec will remotely run a program with any privileges you require – that way my “power users” can have the rights to install only the things I send to them. Pslist will list all running processes on a remote computer – this is especially helpful when a user complains that their system is running slow or crashing (it’s usually a website loaded in IE that brings the computer to a halt). Pskill will terminate any running application – which is great when I hear someone playing loud bass across the office – I can remotely shut that music down (grin).

So why would I pay nearly 300 dollars for a suite that promises the following:
Update Group Policy (psexec.exe \\Computername gpupdate.exe)
Start computers by Wake On Lan
Remote restart (shutdown -r -f -m \\Computername -t 30 -c “comment”)
Remote shutdown (shutdown -s -f -m \\Computername -t 30 -c “comment”)
Real time graphical reporting (not sure what they mean, but spiceworks can probably handle this)
Ping (start, run, cmd, ping ip)
Send Message (net send Computername message)
Read Remote Registry (regedit, connect to network registry, Computername)
Run executable (psexec -i -s -d \\computername “C:\program files\internet explorer\iexplore.exe” http://www.google.com)
Run executable remotely (see above)
Start Event Viewer (start, run, eventvwr)
Start Explorer (this should already be running)
Start Remote Desktop (start, run, mstsc, Computername)
Start Remote Assistance (we use VNC for this)
Immediate WSUS client update (psexec.exe \\Computername wuauclt.exe /detctnow)

Apt-get Not Upgrading The Kernel

If you run apt-get update and apt-get upgrade, it should upgrade most of the packages associated with your system.

However, there are certain files that will not be upgraded using these general commands.

We must run apt-get dist-upgrade instead.

***EDIT***

And this is how to upgrade from a lower version to a higher version:
apt-get install update-manager-core
do-release-upgrade

Hard Drive or Memory Reading Less Than Paid For

I have heard this one so many times that I just had to write about it: people complain that they bought a 320GB HD and it’s only reading 298GB. Or they just bought a 750GB HD and it’s only reading 693GB. Or… the list goes on and on.
I’ve also heard people purchasing RAM upgrades and then complaining the system is not recognizing the installed RAM.

Hard drives are measured in the 1000bytes = 1KB, 1000KB = 1MB, 1000MB = 1GB, 1000GB = 1TB etc by the manufacturer. The computer, however, will read 1024bytes = 1KB, 1024KB = 1MB, 1024MB = 1GB etc. You can see there’s a difference. The larger the drive, the larger the difference. A “40GB” drive should show up as roughly 37GB for a loss of 3GB. A “1.5TB” drive should show up as 1.38TB, for a loss of 114GB. Generally we just tell people this is due to formatting. It’s easier to explain that way.

RAM is measured in the computer-used 1024 base scale. There could be a number of reasons why the RAM is not showing up correctly. I’ll list some reasons, starting with the most common:

You have Shared Video Memory – A small amount of your physical RAM is actually used to run the video of the computer (anywhere from 1MB to 256MB)
You’re running a 32bit Operating System – 32bit OSes can generally only read up to 3.25-3.5GB of RAM. There are a few exceptions, but this is a general rule of thumb – so even if you install 16GB, the system will only read the first 3.25-3.5GB.
Your board can not read the chip you installed – This usually happens on older computers. If your board only supports 256MB chips and you install 512MB chips, the board will either not read the installed RAM or only read the first 256MB. A BIOS update can alleviate this issue.

For the most part that’s all there is to it.

Oh another part:
RAM is a volatile storage device that allows instructions to be stored randomly for use by the CPU. When you turn off your computer, you will lose whatever was in the RAM. RAM can transfer data at sustained multi-GB/sec speeds.
Hard Drives (HD) is a physical media storage device that allows users to store data permanently. When you turn off your computer, you will not lose the data on your HD (hopefully anyway). HD’s can transfer data at sustained maximum of 90MB/sec. Bursts are generally limited to less than 120MB/sec. That is as fast as the physical drive can go – most users will experience system performance within the 20-40MB/sec range.
RAM is faster than the HD.

Ubuntu Disable Sounds

I always forget how to disable the “login ready” sound of the drums.

System >> Administration >> Login Window
Click on the Accessibility Tab
Uncheck the Login screen ready sound box

OR there’s the login and logoff sounds:

System >> Preferences >> Sound
Click on the Sounds Tab
Disable the Login and Logout sounds

***EDIT***
Apparently things are a little bit different in 9.10.

System > Preferences > Start Up Applications
Deselect the Gnome Login Sound

Now you will no longer hear the login noises.

Open up the terminal
sudo -u gdm gconftool-2 –-set /desktop/gnome/sound/event_sounds –-type bool false

Now you will no longer hear the startup noises.

Ubuntu 8.10 VERY Slow On HP Laptop

Not too long ago I retired my Compaq V5000 CTO Laptop in favor of a newer HP 6515b. The only thing I’m missing thus far is the long life battery I had on the V5000, but that can easily be fixed with a few $$.

I am a big fan of dual booting systems – it’s always a good idea to have a backup plan in case the first plan fails. I put Vista Enterprise SP1 x64 on my new laptop (I have to get used to Vista eventually since I do have to support the machines at work). I then waited patiently for 8.10 Ubuntu to be released.

Went to install x64 of Ubuntu – install took just over 2 hours. Odd. Then nothing is really working up to par with a 2.2GHz AMD X2. I’m sorry to say, but it’s so far been a bad experience. I figured maybe it was a 64bit issue – redownload and try to install 32bit. The installer is taking forever again, so I forgo the installer and reboot.

Then I looked on the Ubuntuforums for some answers.

Basically, the ACPI is not fully written for. ACPI is advanced configuration and power interface.
That and the APIC is not fully written for. APIC is advanced programmable interrupt controller.

I’ve been told that when you are installing Ubuntu, run it with the ACPI=OFF command, and then when it’s installed, remove the ACPI=OFF from the menu.lst and replace it with noapic.

Here’s the fix:
sudo nano /boot/grub/menu.lst
Then find where it says kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.27-7-generic root=UUID=bunchoflettersandnumbers ro quiet splash
We want it to say ro quiet splash noapic

Vista Unable To Modify System Files

I was working on a computer with Vista installed. And, as the administrator, I needed to remove one of the drivers located at C:\windows\system32\drivers. No big deal, I’ll just move the files I need to the desktop and reboot. WRONG!

All system-based files are controlled by a TrustedInstall user. Even my administrator account had nothing on this guy. Good thing I know some command line options.

Open up the command line with administrator rights (if you’re not on a domain I believe you can Click start, type in “cmd” and then hit Control + Shift + Enter.
takeown /f C:\windows\system32\drivers\nameoffile
You should then see a “SUCCESS: The file (or folder): …” which is a good thing.

Now you can right click on the file, go to properties, and then add your user to the security tab list. You might want to give your user the proper privs as well. Then you can move/delete/rename to your heart’s content.

Copy Between Linux Computers

Growing up on Macintosh computers, I always feel a little crippled on my basic computer knowledge. I’m not good with DOS. I didn’t know, until recently, what an IRQ was. I had no idea how to make a bootable MS-DOS disk for ghosting. I didn’t know how to copy files between Linux systems, but I could writeup some IPchains no problem. Odd.

So anyway, here’s the command that you run on the server you’re copying FROM:
scp file_name user_name@ip_address:/directory_listing/
SCP: Secure copy
File_name: the name of the file you want to copy
User_name: name of the user with privs to the directory you’re copying to
Ip_address: IP of the server you’re copying to
Directory_listing: starts with / and doesn’t need a trailing /

In my case it’d be:
scp bigfile.iso ituser@10.1.2.2:/home/ituser

EDIT!!!!

There is also a program called WinSCP that allows you to move files back and forth with an FTP-style interface. I highly recommend it to those who use Windows.

EDIT 2 April 11, 2015
Obviously I should have included Rsync:
rsync -ru /src/dir/* root@remoteserver:/remote/dir/other/dir/

Ramblings Of An IT Person